In Russian, there are two homonymous formulas of speech etiquette: your health is a short toast and your health is an outdated address.

Formula your (your) health! - "a brief toast, wishing well-being to the addressee before drinking wine" - is included in a number of numerous synonymous stable expressions (with their variants) and goes back to the toast formula For your (your) health!, which, in turn, goes back to the speech phrases I Drink (I want to drink. I propose to drink) to your (your) health. Allow me to propose a toast to your health (to the health of N., NN). In this row

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there is the closest - already outdated - toast formula available: Health N! (someone present or absent). "Let me offer you my toast," Kalinovich said, getting up and pouring champagne again. - Health of one of the best connoisseurs of Russian literature and my first literary patron! he continued, holding out his glass to Pyotr Mihalitch, and they clinked glasses. - Health to my little friend! Kalinovich turned to Nastenka and kissed her hand. He often jokingly called Nastenka his little friend in front of everyone. - Health to the brave captain! "And yours!" he added, bowing to Flegont Mihalitch, "and yours!" he said to Pelageya Evgrafovna, "Hurrah!" concluded Pyotr Mihalitch. Everyone drank" (A. Pisemsky. A thousand souls); "[Elizabeth:] Everything will go well! After all, everything is very simple! Very simple, Vasya... [Doshaev:] My good girl! Your health. [Peacock:] For many summers! [The bearded man (coming):] Have a drink?" (M. Gorky. Doshaev and others); "[Kudimov (pours champagne for everyone):] With your permission-to you, for our acquaintance. (Everyone stands up.) [Busygin: Cheers, Dad. [Kudimov:] Your health. [Silva:] Your health. [Sarafanov:] Thank you, thank you. But I have a different toast, friends... " (A. Vampilov. The eldest son).

The regular use of the health component in toast formulas led in the 19th century even to the expansion of the semantics of the noun health - "toast". In the" protocol "for the celebration of the 25th anniversary of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, the lyceum students wrote:" The aforementioned lyceum gentlemen gathered in Yakovlev's house and feasted as follows: 1) we had a delicious and noisy lunch, 2) we drank three health drinks (according to the overseas toast): a) for the twenty-fifth anniversary of the lyceum, b) for the welfare of the lyceum, c) for the health of the absent..."(Friends of Pushkin, Moscow, 1986, Vol. 1).

Based on the most commonly used toast For (your, your, che-l.) health! a universal model (phraseoscheme) of toast was formed: "For + noun or pronoun in vin. pad. with the object value": Per meeting! For friendship! For all the good things! For success (what-L., whose-L.)! For you (you)! For those who... For the parents who raised and raised... and many others: "Grigory sat down at the table... Stepan poured the rest of the bottle equally into the glasses and looked up at Grigory, his eyes veiled by a haze. "For all the good things!" - " Let's be healthy!" They clinked glasses. They drank it" (M. Sholokhov. Quiet Don); Babosov raised his glass and said importantly: "For the world revolution!" Sasha chuckled, but seeing that no one picked up on his cheerful mood, he grunted as if from the cold, and hastily knocked over his glass, keeping up with the others " (B. Mozhaev. Men and women); "'Thank you for meeting me, '" said Maria, and clinked glasses with Ivan, then with her father. "And for friendship," Rodionov added, and was the first to drink" (V. Shukshin. Lubaviny); "He spilled in

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glasses of wine, rubbing his hands, looked around the table. "Like everything. Well, let's take a closer look, Anna. Let's pay for the meeting. Pick it up. How many years have not seen each other" - "For meeting," she repeated " (V. Rasputin. Meeting).

In turn, on the basis of the model in the Russian vernacular, an innumerable number of humorous toasts - jokes have developed: For the health of the one who loves whom! To the health of those who love everyone! To the health of the local and local people and all our dear ones! For the health of the eyes that captivated us (that look at us)! To the health of the horses that carry nice guests! et al.: "Entaltsev (...) he throws me up to the ceiling and whispers in my ear with his wet mustache: "Dear boy, be happy... to your health, and then at least... to the cow stall!" He gives me a shot glass to taste, and everyone laughs as I start coughing and wincing" (I. Shmelev. Summer of the Lord).

According to a different model, the homonymous outdated formula your (your) health is formed and has other lexical and phraseological connections - "a polite (sometimes slyly respectful) peasant appeal to the highest position": "Here [in the Nizhny Novgorod province], the peasants call the gentlemen "your health" - an enviable title, without which all others can do nothing they mean" (A. Pushkin. Letter to P. A. Vyazemsky. November 5, 1830); "I came before you or to your health, I spoke to your health (honor or grandeur used by peasants)" (V. Dahl. Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language); " Thank you for your kind word, Potap Maksimych. What I can and will be able to do - I am ready to serve your health to everyone, - Alexey answered" (P. Melnikov (Pechersky). In the woods); ""So it is desirable for your health, sir, that I leave it?" - with a flirtatious smile, he [Luka] turned to Masha. "You won't touch him again!" she said firmly and resolutely. St. Petersburg slums).

One of the phrase-forming components of the formula for addressing your (your) health is the component you (your) // you (your), and the phrase-forming model is the formula for titled addresses, the use of which until 1917 was regulated by the Table of Ranks (rank classification system): Your Nobility, Your Highness, Your Highness, Your Excellency, Your Your Excellency, Your Serene Highness (compare the official and courteous addresses to clergymen that have been preserved and are used in our time: Your Reverence, Your Eminence, Your Eminence, Your Holiness).

Unofficial, that is, not fixed by the Report Card, the appeal your health is far from the only one in popular speech usage. Cf. those formed on the same model of address are your rank (to a merchant), your honor (to a judge), and your grace (to the highest social status). Other formations based on the model are also possible. In the vos-

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in commemorations of" Simbirsk landowner and conscientious judge "N. A. Motovilov, the appeal" your Love of God "is repeatedly noted - this is how Reverend Seraphim of Sarov affectionately addressed him (and, perhaps, not only to him):" I have kept you for a long time, your love of God! Do not seek it, for my little orphans were in need of many things, and so I, poor as I was, comforted them. Please go to your cell."

Observations on the lexical and phraseological connections of these and other formulas allow us to see some patterns that indicate the systematic formation of speech etiquette signs:

1) the path of reduction, elliptic contraction of existing formulas:

I drink to your health < to your health < to your health; be

healthy < be;

our respect to you < our respect to you;

bye bye < bye;

I wish you a happy stay (drive, walk) < happy stay (drive, walk) < happy, etc.;

2) the way to integrate a word or expression into a structurally more complex formation:

for your health > for your health, and there at least in the cow stall;

be healthy > be healthy, grow big > be healthy, grow big, but don't be noodles > be healthy, grow big, but don't be noodles, stretch a mile, but don't be simple, etc.;

3) the way of formation of ambiguous speech etiquette signs based on the model:

your honor - your health (- your love of God); bread and salt-tea and sugar (- pie and jam); for your health - for health; for you - for whom, what-L.

Novokuznetsk

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