On June 9-10, 2011, the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences hosted the third Russian-Chinese-Mongolian forum "Russia, China, Mongolia: Together to meet the Challenges of our time".

The event was attended by more than 40 foreign and Russian scientists, including a group of Chinese scientists from the Institute of Asian and Pacific Studies of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (IATI CAON) headed by Director of the Institute Li Xianyang, a group of Mongolian scientists from the Institute of International Studies of the Academy of Sciences of Mongolia (IMI ASM) headed by Director L. Haisandai, a group famous Russian orientalists from the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MGIMO (U), and the Trans-Baikal State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University (Chita).

Deputy Director of the First Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation I. K. Azizov, who read out the greetings of the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation A. N. Borodavkin, and the Ambassador of Mongolia to the Russian Federation D. I. Abramovich made speeches at the opening of the forum. Idewhten, First Secretary of the Chinese Embassy in Russia Mu Jihui. The forum, which was organized with the financial support of the Department of Historical and Philological Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, received a greeting from A. P. Derevyanko, Academician-Secretary of the OIFN.

The forum was opened by V. V. Naumkin, Chairman of the Organizing committee, Director of the Institute of Information Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, who welcomed the participants of the meeting and emphasized the relevance of the forum's issues.

The trilateral Forum of Russian, Chinese and Mongolian scientists specializing in studying the problems of modern politics, economy, culture, and international relations in Northeast Asia is a relatively new format that opens up new opportunities for joint discussion of topical issues and finding optimal ways to solve them, developing strategic partnership and interaction between Russia, China and Mongolia in close connection with the integration processes in the NEA region.

The first such forum under the motto "Mongolia, Russia, China: together for development in the XXI century" was organized on the initiative of the Director of IMI of the Academy of Sciences of Mongolia L. Haisandai and was held in Ulaanbaatar in 2008, the second one-under the motto "China, Russia, Mongolia: peace, Cooperation and development", organized by the Chinese Institute Asia-Pacific Studies (CAON), was held in Beijing in 2009.

At four plenary sessions of the forum in Moscow, 24 reports were heard, which can be divided into three thematic blocks.

The first set of issues covered the current state and prospects for the development of international relations in the Northeast Asian region, real and potential challenges and threats to peace and security in the region, and the search for new opportunities for joint, coordinated actions to prevent them.

A.V. Vorontsov (IB RAS) in his report "East Asia: results of 2010 and new opportunities for the development of Russian-Mongolian-Chinese cooperation" noted that 2010 was a turbulent year for the East Asian region. Instability was most acute on the Korean Peninsula (the exchange of artillery fire between the DPRK and the ROK, etc.). There was an outbreak of tension in Sino-Japanese relations. However, the main reason for the trouble in the East Asian region in 2010 was the aggravation of the US-China contradictions in the process of finding new ways to resolve them, adapted to the gradually changing balance of power. A.V. Vorontsov justified this thesis by using examples of the growing US-Chinese contradictions in the regional context, including the Korean problem-

IU, development of Russian-Chinese relations in the light of new security challenges in East Asia and Russian-Mongolian-Chinese cooperation in 2010. In particular, the speaker noted Mongolia's support to the efforts of the participants of the six-party talks in Beijing to resolve the Korean peninsula nuclear issue. Among the new security challenges in East Asia, A.V. Vorontsov named attempts by a number of extra-regional forces to use the so-called domino theory, i.e., to cause a second wave of "color" revolutions, which, according to supporters of this "theory", following the example of the Arab countries of the Middle East, should also reach Northeast Asia, i.e., the Middle East. China and North Korea. There are also some concerns about this in Kyrgyzstan and Mongolia. Despite this, according to the speaker, currently there are broad additional opportunities for cooperation between Russia, China and Mongolia in maintaining security and stability in the NEA, both at the level of bilateral and trilateral relations, as well as in the SCO format.

Vladimir Vorobyov (MGIMO University of the Russian Foreign Ministry) analyzed the current state and problems of strengthening regional security in the NEA, the place and role of the SCO in ensuring it. The world is in a state of transition to multipolarity, which currently most closely resembles a state of multipolar chaos, in which it is difficult for politicians and political scientists to isolate the main trends and build a line of behavior. In the current context, the SCO is a positive example of cooperation and is a stabilizing factor in international relations in the region. The speaker stressed that Russia and China, as full members of the SCO, and Mongolia, as an observer country, share the basic principles of the organization. Recent visit of the President of Mongolia Ts. Elbegdorja showed that Mongolia is interested in the Customs Union of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan. An important task of the SCO is to consolidate the points of consolidation between its member countries and prevent centrifugal tendencies, especially in the context of the growing wave of destabilization coming from the Middle East. Most importantly, it is necessary to determine the main direction of further development of the SCO: towards closer integration and the creation of supranational bodies, or towards the activation of interaction in the current forms. The speaker noted the important place and role of the humanitarian component of cooperation within the SCO, in particular, stressed that the joint statement of the President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev and the President of Mongolia Ts. Mr. Elbegdorj's declaration of readiness to develop cooperation in the field of preserving the cultural heritage of the sedentary and nomadic peoples of Russia and Mongolia is of great importance not only for these two states, but also for all the SCO member states.

In his report titled "Ensuring Mongolia's Security and Cooperation in Northeast Asia", IMI Director of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences L. Haisandai examined the main factors affecting ensuring Mongolia's national security. He stressed that relations with our neighbors-Russia and China-have always been, remain and will continue to be determining factors not only for security, but also for the very existence of Mongolia as an independent, independent state. Developing balanced strategic partnership relations with Russia and China is in line with Mongolia's national interests. Another important factor in ensuring its national security is its relations with other countries of the Asia-Pacific region, especially with the countries of Northeast Asia, where Mongolia has its own political and economic interests.

D. V. Gordienko (IDV RAS) in his report "Assessment of the level of economic security of Eastern Siberia and Transbaikalia" proved the special place and importance of these regions in the system of regional relations, in the implementation of the"Eurasian mission of Russia". These regions of Russia are closely connected with a number of northern regions of China and Mongolia. Based on specific calculations for the main nine indicators of socio-economic development of Eastern Siberia and Transcaucasia, the speaker conducted a comparative assessment of the economic security of these regions in order to identify areas for improving the efficiency of their socio-economic development and improving the level of regional economic security.

O. V. Zotov (Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences) in his report "The Greater Middle East, or Mongolia's 'Third Neighbor '" attempted to trace a direct link between revolutions in the Middle East and US policy in the framework of projects in the Greater Middle East and Greater Central Asia. According to the speaker, the chaotic development of the Greater Middle East in the future aims to block the PRC, the main rival in the Far East, and cut it off from the resources of Central and Western Asia.

G. G. Vasiliev (Zab.GSPU) in the report "State, problems and prospects of Russian-Mongolian relations at the regional level" on the example of cooperation between the Trans-Baikal Territory, the Republic of Buryatia and the Irkutsk Region with the border aimags of Mongolia, the factors that have a negative impact on the practice of foreign economic relations between the border regions of Russia and Mongolia were analyzed. These include the lack of the necessary legal framework, the depressed state of the economies of Russian regions, and others. The problem of competitiveness of Russia and its regions in Mongolia in comparison with China, the EU, Japan, South Korea, Canada and the USA is considered.

L. Bagzzhav (IMI AN, Mongolia) in his report "Modern Mongolian-Chinese relations at the stage of strategic partnership" focused on factors that have a negative impact on bilateral relations and ignoring them in the future may lead to unexpected situations and undesirable consequences. According to the speaker, despite the fact that in March 2011 the Foreign Ministers of Mongolia and China agreed to conclude an agreement on strategic partnership, at the unofficial level, Mongolian-Chinese relations continue to retain a shade of mutual distrust in the minds of Mongols. The speaker supported this thesis with facts from China's policy towards Mongolia. In particular, in the political sphere, China's discontent is largely caused by Mongolia's pro-Western, pro-American foreign policy, the participation of Mongolian military personnel in peacekeeping operations in Iraq, and the activation of Mongolia's partnership with NATO.

In the economic sphere, China openly adheres to the following position: the successful development of Mongolia's economy is impossible without China's support, especially in the field of transit transportation of its mining products through Chinese territory to third countries, and thus seeks to exert economic pressure and threaten Mongolia's national security. The Chinese strategy of building narrow-gauge railways from the Sino-Mongolian border directly to the large deposits of Oyu Tolgoi (copper and gold) and Tavan Tolgoi (coal and coking coal) is fundamentally contrary to Mongolia's strategic and economic interests.

In the sphere of defense, according to Bagzzhav, there is still a "Chinese threat" in the Asia-Pacific region, including in relation to Mongolia itself. China is extremely wary of Mongolia's support for regional policy and U.S. peacekeeping in the Asia-Pacific region, and of the financial support Mongolia receives from NATO, the United States, and Germany to modernize its defense capabilities.

According to the speaker, there are still great differences in the field of humanitarian and cultural activities, primarily with regard to the" fundamental state history " of Mongolia and China. Each of the parties maintains its firm position, and there is a tendency to toughen it. L. Bagzzhav stressed that the attitude of the Mongols to the issues of sovereignty, independence, integrity of the Mongolian state, national identity and views on the history of their ancient statehood remains constant, only this controversial historical topic is unresolved. The trend of positioning both sides in relation to the fundamental state history of Mongolia and China is still unclear; the persistence of controversial scientific aspects aggravates bilateral political relations, and there is a possibility of negative public outbursts in the future. According to L.'s assessment. Bagzhava, almost every citizen of Mongolia, firstly believes that China is pursuing a far-sighted strategy of annexing Mongolia, following the example of Taiwan, and, secondly, he fears that in the near future the country will become economically, culturally and ideologically "completely dependent" on the PRC.

The speaker further noted that the format and level of bilateral political dialogue, as well as the content, scope, level of implementation, meaning and role of concluded official documents, treaties and agreements between Mongolia and China are far from perfect. As an example, he cited the intergovernmental Agreement on the Mutual Recognition of Diplomas and Academic Degrees (1998) and its extension in 2010.The negative reaction of the Mongolian public is caused by the non-transparent conditions for competitive selection of candidates for higher education in China, especially quotas for children of high-ranking officials in the government and Parliament of Mongolia.

The speaker pointed out that there are Mongol-Chinese disagreements concerning the traditional religion of the Mongols - Buddhism and its head, the Dalai Lama, Chinese immigrants in Mongolia, Mongolia's policy towards Taiwan, etc.

In his report "Western authors on Russian-Mongolian and Mongolian-Chinese relations at the end of the XX - beginning of the XXI century", M. I. Golman (Institute of Political Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences) showed what place the development of modern relations between Russia, Mongolia and China occupies in the works of modern Western authors, and presented the Western version of the periodization and evaluation of bilateral relations between Russia and China and Mongolia and between Mongolia and China in 1990-2010 According to the majority of Western authors, during the period under review, Russian-Mongolian and Mongolian-Chinese relations generally had positive dynamics, met the interests of the peoples of the three countries, and were an important factor in preserving peace and stability in Northeast Asia.

More than 10 reports were devoted to topical issues of the current state and prospects for the development of trade and economic cooperation in Northeast Asia, including between Russia, China and Mongolia, as well as some problems of economic and social development of the three countries.

Li Xianyang (Director of IATI CAON) in his report "Prospects for Regional Economic Cooperation in Northeast Asia" focused on the idea of intensifying joint efforts of China, Russia, Mongolia, North and South Korea in the implementation of the UNDP Tumangan Region Development Program. In particular, he noted that due to large differences between the positions of the countries participating in this program, no significant progress has been made in its implementation so far. According to the speaker, as a result of the political and economic changes that have taken place in recent years in China, Russia, Mongolia and other NEA countries, the need for developing regional economic cooperation is increasing. China is currently implementing a strategy to revitalize the northeast of its country and needs access to the sea in the Tumangan region. Russia is implementing a strategy for the development of its Far East by attracting foreign investment, but this, according to the speaker, is hindered by the unresolved Russian-Japanese territorial dispute over the Kuril Islands. North Korea is interested in developing regional economic cooperation. The Mongolian strategy of finding a "third neighbor" provides for the need to develop economic cooperation in NEA. Thus, the common interest of the countries of the region is a key condition for the development of regional economic cooperation in NEA. Li Xianyang believes that since there are no conditions for creating a free trade zone in this area, a stable platform for cooperation between the three countries (China, Russia and Korea) should be a cross-border industrial zone in the Tumangan Delta, the creation of which will contribute to the development of the economies of all participating countries, as well as solving the problem of unification of North and South Korea. The speaker stressed that China is interested in developing regional economic cooperation in the NEA, following the example of the newly created China-ASEAN Free Trade Zone. Negotiations on the creation of a free trade zone covering China, Japan and South Korea will begin in 2012.

However, Li Xianyang's thesis about turning the Tumangan region into a new, large-scale cross-border industrial zone of the three countries did not meet with support from Russian participants. In particular, M. V. Alexandrova (IDV RAS), referring to the opinion of Russian scientists and experts, argued that the interests of Russia are not the territorial expansion of large production capacities concentrated in the three border provinces of North-Eastern China, which are also characterized by low environmental standards, but the preservation of the fragile natural balance and recreational resources of this area.. Commercial development of the Tumannaya River area is quite promising within the framework of multilateral cooperation in the field of international tourism and hunting.

Fu Jingyun (IATI CAON) in her report "The mechanism of trade and economic cooperation in Northeast Asia in terms of intraregional trade" analyzed the reasons for the lag of regional cooperation in the NEA, among which she highlighted the lag in the formation of the institutional mechanism of trade and economic cooperation. The various national interests of NEA countries are hardly realized within the framework of existing international institutions.

S. S. Suslina (MGIMO University)In her report "Russia and China in the framework of integration processes in the NEA", the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation noted that since the end of the 20th century, China and Asian NIS have become the locomotive of the reconstruction of the world economic system, that China has become not just a "factory of the world", but also the largest regional production and sales complex of the entire world economy, the second largest in the world It is an exporter / importer and a focus of international investment activity in many sectors of the economy. China is exerting an ever-increasing influence on

the world economy and the national economies of neighboring countries, including Russia. Russia is forced to reckon with China's new role in the global economy. According to the speaker, the existing potential for economic cooperation between Russia and China can be most fully revealed in the active interaction of the two countries in the integration processes in the NE and East Asia.

M. V. Alexandrova's problem-setting report "Russian-Chinese Interregional and Cross-border trade and economic cooperation: from complementarity to unilateral absorption" provided a critical analysis of the current state and prospects of bilateral cooperation at this level. The speaker came to the conclusion that at present there is an urgent need to review the structure and forms of mutual trade and economic cooperation between Russia and China. It is advisable to consider the possibility of finalizing the concept of development and economic development of the border regions of the Far East and Siberia adopted at the federal and regional levels. Otherwise, in her opinion, in the foreseeable future, it is possible that China will have a monopoly on determining and implementing the strategy of first economic and then political development of the Russian East.

In his report "Agricultural development as a long-term strategy for cooperation between Russia, China and Mongolia", A.V. Akimov (Institute of Agricultural Sciences) discussed the possibility and prospects of establishing trilateral cooperation in the field of animal husbandry, taking into account the aggravation of the food problem and the growing demand for livestock products in the world. The report lists the conditions under which such cooperation could be effective (conducting market research on consumer markets, summarizing data on the state of livestock production in the three countries, establishing veterinary treatment and control in Mongolia, creating modern slaughtering enterprises, etc.). The speaker noted that the steady depletion of land resources for agriculture in the world increases the importance of Mongolia's agricultural resources.

Problems of bilateral energy cooperation were discussed in the reports of Piao Guangji (IATI KAON) "State and problems of Sino-Russian energy cooperation" and O. Batsaikhan (IMI AMN) "Bilateral cooperation between Russia and Mongolia in the oil sector".

Piao Guangji noted the progress in the development of energy cooperation between China and Russia, which tends to expand forms (supply and consumption of oil, gas, coal and electricity, production, development and sale of energy resources, development of energy infrastructure, use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, supply of electrical equipment, etc.). enters a new stage. At the same time, there are uncertainties in energy cooperation that have a deterrent effect on its deepening. For a long time, the parties could not agree on the prices of oil supplied from Russia to China. There is no comprehensive mechanism to ensure the implementation of the agreements reached. To overcome the existing difficulties, it is necessary to organize joint study of existing problems, expand bilateral discussions at the official, industrial and academic levels.

It should be noted that the forum was held in the context of a temporary aggravation of the issue of supplies of petroleum products from Russia to Mongolia, caused by the decision of the Russian government to temporarily stop exporting petroleum products to foreign countries. President of Mongolia Ts. Elbegdorj specifically discussed this issue with Russian President Dmitry Medvedev and Prime Minister Vladimir Putin during his state visit to Russia in late May-early June 2011.

Taking these circumstances into account, Mongolian scientist O. Batsaikhan (IMI ASM) in his report "Bilateral cooperation between Russia and Mongolia in the oil sector" critically examined the current state of Mongolian-Russian cooperation in the field of oil products supplies to Mongolia. In particular, he reminded that 98% of all oil products imported by Mongolia are monopolistically supplied by the Rosneft oil company. Over the past three years, Rosneft has raised export prices for petroleum products several times, each time by an average of 20%. This contributed to an increase in inflation in the country by an average of 15% per year. Repeated price increases for gasoline and other petroleum products have caused discontent among the Mongolian population. "Rosneft" made a proposal to reduce the

export prices for petroleum products, provided that it is able to build 100 gas stations in Mongolia. The Government of Mongolia, fearing monopolization of oil products supplies from Russia, did not give its consent to this proposal.

Mongolian economist D. Shurkhuu (IMI AM) in his report "Strategic Partnership and Free Trade Agreement - a new stage of the Mongolian-Chinese partnership", based on the results of mutual visits of the leaders of China and Mongolia at the highest and highest levels (in particular, the visits of the President of Mongolia Ts. Elbeg Dorj to China (April 2010), Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jiabao to Mongolia (June 2010), and Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi to Mongolia (February 2011), justified and developed the idea that currently there are favorable prerequisites for the transition to a new, higher level of Mongolism.-Chinese relations, especially in trade and economic cooperation. According to the speaker, the Mongolian-Chinese trade and economic relations are approaching a spasmodic breakthrough, a sharp increase in volumes. The transition of Mongolian-Chinese relations to a strategic partnership, the speaker believes, provides an opportunity for the Mongolian government to confirm its balanced policy towards Russia and China. According to D. Shurkhuu, the countries that maintain strategic partnership relations among themselves have already switched or are going to switch to a free trade mechanism. In 2010 The trade turnover between Mongolia and China reached a record level of $ 3.4 billion. With a positive balance in favor of Mongolia of $ 1.4 billion. With the launch of mega-projects in mining, manufacturing and infrastructure in Mongolia, the volume of Mongolian-Chinese trade may increase by 2-3 times. The speaker suggested starting bilateral studies and negotiations on concluding a free trade agreement between Mongolia and China in the future, preferably in parallel with the development of a similar agreement between Mongolia and Russia.

Based on the current trends in the development of Mongolian-Chinese trade and economic relations, D. Shurkhuu suggested the possibility of a scenario in which Mongolia may turn into an "Asian Canada"in 20-25 years.

V. V. Graivoronsky (IB RAS) in his report "The problem of poverty in Russia, China and Mongolia", based on the official published data of the national statistical services of these countries and the results of research by international organizations (UNDP, WB, IMF), conducted a comparative analysis of the parameters, general and special features, and main trends in the spread of poverty in Russia, China and Mongolia for the last 20 years (1990-2010). The Speaker concluded that, despite some progress in addressing this problem, it still remains very relevant in all three countries, especially in China and Mongolia. According to the speaker, joint and purposeful efforts of national governments, state, non-governmental, charitable and scientific organizations of Russia, China and Mongolia, as well as international organizations to study the current state and find optimal ways to reduce poverty in these countries and the region can be one of the promising and relevant areas of bilateral and trilateral cooperation.

The forum also featured presentations on various aspects of bilateral, trilateral and multilateral cooperation between Russia, China and Mongolia in the environmental, cultural, civilizational and humanitarian spheres.

In her report "Problems of environmental safety in the NEA and opportunities for cooperation between Russia, China and Mongolia", E. V. Boikova (IB RAS) emphasized the need to unite the efforts of the three countries in the fight against modern environmental threats, primarily such as changes in the composition of the atmosphere and the consequences of this-pollution of natural fresh waters, seas and oceans, deforestation and desertification, soil erosion, risks associated with the development of biotechnologies, environmental pollution, etc. The life, health, economic and other activities of the population of the NEA region in the present and future largely depend on how quickly Russia, China and Mongolia will be able to develop principles of cooperation in this area, as well as concrete methods for their implementation.

The problem of environmental safety is quite acute in Russia, China, and Mongolia. Each country has its own characteristics, but the three countries ' belonging to the NEA region creates opportunities for the formation of mechanisms for multilateral cooperation in this area. The need for continuous monitoring of the state and changes of the environment, both at the national and regional levels, is recognized-

It is used by almost all States in the region, which implies the conclusion of not only bilateral, but also multilateral agreements on environmental protection.

Nature protection issues are also quite acute in other NEA countries, and their solution is becoming an urgent task for the development of the region. From this point of view, joint research aimed at identifying and assessing the complex of environmental hazard factors that manifest themselves in IAS is very relevant. Russia, China and Mongolia share common interests in preserving the region's natural environment and sharing certain natural resources, and therefore they can make a significant contribution to solving the problem of environmental safety in the region.

A. S. Zheleznyakov (IS RAS), who presented the report " Civilizational identity of Mongolia: actualization of the problem", noted that Mongolia's place in the geopolitical and civilizational structure of the modern world, like any other country, is determined by factors, of which the country's political relations with its near and far strategic neighbors are of paramount importance.

Mongolia has no common borders with any countries comparable to it in terms of territory size, population size, or economic potential. Sandwiched between two giants, Mongolia stands in sharp contrast culturally and religiously, not only to its immediate surroundings, but also to its far-flung surroundings. As a country of the northern branch of Buddhism and nomadic cattle breeding, it is unique in its civilizational parameters.

Mongolia is the central part, the geographical, historical and cultural core of a special region that includes itself and partly two other countries-Russia and China. Inner Asia is a vast historical multicultural region in the center of Eurasia, which has a modern political and geographical sound.

According to the speaker, the priority of the Russian vector in Mongolia's foreign policy will undoubtedly increase with the growth of the volume of joint actions of Russia and Mongolia outside of their bilateral relations, on a multilateral international basis. In addition, Mongolia's cooperation with Chinese and Western partners is steadily expanding, which is the implementation of a multi-vector foreign policy of modern Mongolia.

A. I. Kobzev (Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences) devoted his report "Dictionary as a basis for the dialogue of cultures "to the role of the dialogue of cultures in the modern world as an alternative to the theories of the" end of history "and"clash of civilizations". In the context of the dialogue of cultures in the modern world, dictionaries play a special role as one of the means of international communication. The dialogue of cultures involves translation from one language to another, and this, in turn, is impossible without sufficiently complete dictionaries.

Russia in the XVIII-XIX centuries accumulated a rich experience of trilingual communication with China: in Russian, Chinese and Mongolian. The compilation of Chinese-Russian, Russian-Chinese and multilingual dictionaries began at the 2nd Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Beijing (1729-1735) . P. I. Kamensky compiled the Mongolian-Manchu-Chinese-Russian-Latin lexicon (1817), N. Ya. Bichurin translated the Mongolian-Chinese-Manchu dictionary " San he bian lan " ("Convenient review of the triple connection", 1718). V. P. Vasiliev owns the first published in Russia Chinese-Russian dictionary with an original system of arrangement of hieroglyphs (1867), P. I. Kafarov and P. S. Popov - an outstanding "Chinese-Russian dictionary". Both dictionaries were republished in St. Petersburg in 2011. The largest in the world was the "Complete Chinese-Russian Dictionary" by I. A. Figurovsky. This record was repeated by the "Big Chinese-Russian Dictionary" in 4 volumes, awarded the State Prize, reprinted in China (1992), and now digitized and presented online. The most important addition to it was the Shanghai "Large Chinese-Russian Dictionary" (2009; more than 120 thousand words), etc.

However, there are currently no complete Chinese-Russian and Russian-Chinese dictionaries that include traditional and modern vocabulary and a variety of terminology. Meanwhile, a number of specialized dictionaries are now ready for integration, as well as the grandiose lexical array of the 13-volume Han-yu da tsy-dian (Big Dictionary of the Chinese Language, 1986-1993; 23 thousand copies). Chinese characters, 375 thousand words) and the 8-volume "Han-yu da tzu - dian" ("Large Dictionary of Chinese Characters", 1986-1990; 56 thousand words). hieroglyphs). Modern digital technologies provide all the opportunities for this. The creation of such dictionaries is the most urgent task of our time, and there are fundamental historical prerequisites for its solution. Modern technologies also allow us to introduce extensive information from old, unpublished and rare dictionaries into scientific circulation and return to a new level-

not to create multilingual dictionaries, in particular, in the configuration: Chinese-Mongolian-Russian, etc.

In his report "The current state of Russian-Chinese relations in the scientific and educational spheres in the Trans-Baikal cross-border region", V. V. Kuznetsov (Head of the State Pedagogical University) noted that one of the most important tasks of the Russian education system is its integration into the global educational space. The geopolitical position of the Trans-Baikal Territory contributes to the development of partnership relations and mutually beneficial cooperation in the educational and scientific spheres with neighboring countries, as well as the export of Russian educational services.

Trans-Baikal universities have accumulated extensive experience in the field of mutually beneficial cooperation with educational institutions of the cross-border region, and above all with universities in the PRC, which includes such areas as implementing joint educational and scientific projects, conducting joint research and conferences, exchanging creative teams, and providing pre-university, university and postgraduate training services to foreign students. Trans-Baikal universities currently maintain close contacts with more than 20 educational institutions in China (Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, Xiamen Universities, Manchurian, Shenyang, Harbin, Hulongbuir, Hebei and other pedagogical universities).

Currently, more than 250 young men and women from China study at the Trans-Baikal State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University alone. Zab.GSPU together with Hulongbuir University opened a center for the study of the Russian language in Hailar, and with Hebei University-a similar center in Baoding. Based on Zab.GSPU has opened a center for the study of the Chinese language, and preparations are underway for the opening of the Confucius Institute based on it.

K. V. Orlova (Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences) made a presentation on " Russia (Kalmykia) - Mongolia (Western aimags) - China (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region): cooperation in the field of education and culture". Kalmyks, who are self-aware and part of the Mongolian world, have always maintained ties with Dzungaria, Mongolia, and Tibet. Diplomatic, economic, and cultural relations between them were interrupted only twice - after the migration of most of the Kalmyks from Russia to Dzungaria in 1771 and the deportation of Kalmyks to the eastern regions of the USSR in 1943-1957.

Until the 1990s, there were practically no cultural and educational ties between the Republic of Kalmykia and the Xinjiang Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. The first Kalmyks from the Xinjiang Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China came to Kalmykia in 1991.

Relations between the Republic of Kalmykia and the Ubsunur aimag of Mongolia have a long history, mainly in the field of agriculture. Currently, extensive contacts have been established in the field of science and education with Kobdo University. International cooperation of scientific institutions of Kalmykia (Kalmyk Institute for Humanitarian Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kalmyk State University) is carried out in the form of joint research projects and participation in scientific forums.

G. D. Toloraya (Russkiy Mir Foundation) and N. N. Toloraya (Hanguk University, Kazakhstan) presented their report "Soft Power in Northeast Asia: Challenges for Russia" on the issue of spreading Russian cultural influence in NEA countries. The authors refer to the factors of" soft power " as the country's culture, the political principles professed by the state, and the foreign policy pursued by it.

The West is quite actively using "soft power" in relation to the NEA countries, having achieved some success in this direction. Russia understood the importance of "soft power" in the wake of the economic boom of the 2000s. The conceptual framework and tools of " soft power "are most fully reflected in the document" Main directions of the Russian Federation's policy in the field of international cultural and humanitarian cooperation " (December 2008).

A new phenomenon in the field of international humanitarian cooperation is the use of the capabilities of parastatal and non-governmental organizations that use modern political technologies and PR technologies to realize the potential of Russian "soft power". The first and so far only structure of this kind in Russia is the Russkiy Mir Foundation, co-founded by the Russian Foreign Ministry and the Ministry of Education and Science. Over the past three years, the Foundation has opened about 75 Russian centers in the world's largest universities and educational institutions, equipped several dozen Russkiy Mir classrooms, and financed more than 800 projects to promote the Russian language and culture based on nearly 3,000 grant applications received.

In Asia, including the North-East, the situation with the promotion of Russian "soft power" is not easy. The region is heterogeneous in terms of the spread of the Russian language, knowledge about Russia, and Russian information penetration. The most favorable conditions for Russia have developed in such countries as China, Mongolia, Vietnam, Laos, Korea (and North and, to a lesser extent, South), and Australia.

In 2008-2010. The Russkiy Mir Foundation has opened a number of Russian centers in the NEA region, including six in China and six in Mongolia. The Foundation grants its projects to the Center of Russian Culture for Children at Holy Trinity Parish in Ulaanbaatar, Tsitsikar University and others.

According to foreign and Russian participants, the third Russian-Chinese-Mongolian forum "Russia-China-Mongolia: Together to Meet the Challenges of our time" continued the tradition of scientific meetings and discussions in a trilateral format, and promoted a free exchange of views on topical issues of political, trade, economic, cultural, civilizational and humanitarian cooperation between these countries in close connection with current trends in the development of the North-East Asia region.

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