The paper considers ornaments made from the teeth of animals (elk, beaver, badger, fox, marmot, musk deer, mountain goat or ram) found in the burials of the Tuzovsky Hills-1 ground burial ground in the Altai Territory. The most informative items are those made from musk deer and mountain goat or ram teeth. These animals do not live in the Barnaul-Biysk Priobye, and according to the information available to us, they did not live in the historical past either. Musk deer are common in the mountain taiga forests of Gorny Altai and Eastern Kazakhstan. Mountain goats and sheep are typical representatives of the highlands. In the past, the northern border of their range was along the Chemal River, the southern border was in the Mongolian Altai, and the western border was in Rudny (Eastern Kazakhstan). Products made from the teeth of these animals indicate connections with the Altai Mountains, which could have been carried out through the population who left the Solontsy-5 burial ground and burial in the Nizhnetytkeskenskaya cave-1. A joint finding of these ornaments with the shells of Dentalium, Corbicula ferghanensis Kurs. et Star, and Corbicula tibetensis Prash. It allows us to talk about relations with the Central Asian region. It is possible that there were contacts with native Ust-Narym or Botai cultures, or the population migrated to the Altai from the regions of Central Asia or Eastern Kazakhstan.

Key words: ground burial ground, burial, planigraphy, Eneolithic, early metal age, ornaments, pendants, animal teeth, migrations.

In the previous publication [Kiryushin Yu. F. et al. 2011], we considered ornaments made of mollusk shells found in the burials of the Tuzovsky Bugry-1 ground burial ground. It was concluded that the presence of truncated-conic penetrations from Dentalium shells and suspensions from Corbicula leaves indicates connections between the Altai population and the Central Asian region. They may have been carried out through contacts with native speakers of Ust-Narym and Botai cultures, or they may have been the result of migration of the population from Central Asia or Eastern Kazakhstan to the Altai. In this paper, the task is to analyze the ornaments made from animal teeth found in the early burials of the Tuzovsky Hillocks-1 burial ground, and try to use these findings to reconstruct ethno-cultural processes in the Altai during the Eneolithic era.

The work was supported by the Federal Target Program "Scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel of innovative Russia", the project "Altai in the cross-border space of Northern Asia (Ancient, Medieval, modern" (N2012 - 1.1 - 12 - 000 - 3001 - 017).

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Eneolithic - Early Bronze age complex from the Tuzovsky Hillocks-1 ground burial ground

In September 2000, archaeologists of the Altai State University conducted excavations of the Tuzovsky Bugry-1 ground burial ground, located 30 km south of Barnaul. The monument is located on the right bank of the Ob River, on the Zalomnaya Bayou, 8.5 km south-southwest of the village of Skorakikha and 5.5 km northwest of the village of Skorakikha. Small River. The Ob right bank in this place is a wide (up to 12 km) swampy floodplain with many old trees and old lakes, which are interspersed with manes and mounds-remnants of the indigenous coast. The height of such remnants reaches 4 m from the floodplain level. The surrounding vegetation is meadow with thickets of shrubby willows, aspens and birches. The indigenous coast, located 4 km to the west of the monument, is covered with pine forest.

"Tuzovsky Hills" is the local name for a meandering ridge consisting of two large and several small outcrops, oriented along the North-South line. Its length is about 1,200 m, width in some places reaches 200 m, height at the highest points is more than 4 m. The Tuzovsky Hills-1 ground burial ground is located in the southern part of the ridge, on the largest outlier, surrounded on all sides by swamps and lakes of channel origin. From the burial ground in the eastern and southern directions, a wide view of the swampy floodplain opens. During floods, the water in the Ob River rises by 1.5-3.0 m, almost completely flooding the floodplain and flooding the remnant on which the burial ground is located, turning it into an island. The water subsides only by August.

The location of the Tuzovsky Hillocks-1 ground burial ground shows common patterns with the Sopka-2 monument [Molodin, 2001].V. I. Molodin noted that in the funerary rites of the ancients, the location of the cemetery played a special role and "a special place in these ideas was given to the so-called "islands of the dead"" [Ibid., p. 7]. Similar cases are known in the vast territory of Northern Eurasia: the Olenostrovsky burial ground on Lake Onega (Turina, 1956), the Chinese burial ground on the Angara River (Okladnikov, 1974), and Krutikha-5 on the Ob River (Molodin, 1977).

At present, 174 m2 have been uncovered at the Tuzovsky Hillocks-1 monument and 37 burials have been examined (Fig. 1). 19 of them belong to the Eneolithic period-the Russian Academy of Sciences-

Fig. 1. Plan of the Tuzovsky Hillocks-1 ground burial ground.

a-Eneolithic burials; b-Early Iron Age burials.

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2. A pendant made from a maral cutter found in grave 3.

Fig. 3. Moose incisors from fig. 8.

the rest belong to the Early Iron Age. Part of the burials of the early complex was disrupted as a result of the functioning of a later burial ground. Eneolithic graves were arranged in four rows, oriented along the NW-SE line, with five or six in each row. Most of the burials are single, three - paired, two - collective (three and five buried each). Most of the deceased were laid in an extended position on their backs, with their arms along their torso, and their heads facing northeast. The accompanying inventory is mainly represented by various ornaments made from shellfish shells and animal teeth, as well as stone products (fishing rods, arrowheads, "irons", flakes, "claw" chisels, scrapers, etc.) and bones (harpoons, mid-and one-end bow pads, biconic arrowheads, etc.). Metal temporal rings and two jar-shaped vessels were found in one grave.

Animal teeth were found in nine burials of the Tuzovsky Bugry-1 ground burial ground. Determination of the species belonging of mammalian bones was carried out by cand. Biol. Sci. by P. A. Kosintsev, mollusk shells by D. V. Kuzmkin.

Grave 3. At the bottom of the grave pit lay the skeleton of a man buried in a supine position with his head facing northeast. The right side of the chest and the right side of the pelvis were missing. The right humerus was shifted to the northwestern wall at an angle to the spine, the ulna and radius were absent. The buried man's left arm was bent at the elbow so that the hand was located at the shoulder. The femur bones were in line with the spine, and the tibia bones were below them. Two shells were found on the right side under the skull, an article (possibly a bump) made of the end part of an elk or maral horn was found under the left humerus, and a pendant made of a maral incisor with a hole was found on the left side of the spine above the pelvic bone (Fig. 2).

Grave 8. Was recorded simultaneously with Grave 9 as a single spot in the western part of the excavation. It turned out that it violated this grave with its south-western edge. At the bottom lay the skeleton of an adult man, buried on his right side, head to the northeast. The left leg was extended, and the right leg was bent at the knee so that its shin bones were on the knee joint of the left. The arms were bent at the elbows, the left hand resting against the front of the skull, the right hand under it. The chest bones were almost completely missing. Patches of eight moose incisors were found on the right femur (Fig. 3), and another incisor was found near the south-eastern wall of the grave. Small embers were found in the area of the elbows, and a stone arrowhead was located between the jaws.

Grave 10. Is fixed in the central part of the excavation. The contours of the grave could not be read, because its filling was similar to the composition of the cultural layer (light gray sandy loam). The approximate size of the burial is determined by the finds. At a depth of 0.6 m, the skeleton of an adult lay buried in an elongated position on his back, with his head facing northeast. The skull was turned to the left, the hands were under the pelvis. 35 incisors of animals were found in the area of the right femoral head, and 70 incisors were found in the middle part of the left femur. The teeth belonged to a mountain goat or a ram (Fig. 4), the species belonging - presumably Mouflon or Siberian goat.

Grave 14. Two fragments of early pottery and a stone rod of a fishing hook were found in the filling of the grave. At the bottom lay the skeleton of a child, buried in an elongated position on its back, with its head facing northeast. Some of the bones are rotten, the skull is crushed. On the left radius and ulna bones lay a tubular bone of an animal, under them -the upper incisor of a beaver. At the left humerus nayde-

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Fig. 4. Incisors of mountain goat or ram from mog. 10

Fig. 5. Suspension from the upper canine of badger and small incisors of musk deer from the border of 1 mog. 33.

but a stone tool, probably a whetstone. A fragment of the flap of the mollusk Colletopterum sp.was found in the grave.

Grave 23. Recorded in the southern part of the excavation. Its northern part was destroyed by the mog. 12. At a depth of 0.59 m from the present surface, femoral and foot bones of an adult were found. According to them, the buried person was lying on his back or on his side, with his head facing northeast. The incisor of a mountain goat or ram was found in the area of the left heel.

Grave 31. 30. The dimensions of the preserved part are 0.55 x 1.40 m, the shape is oval-elongated. The depth of the grave is 0.51 m from the modern surface. At the bottom lay the remains

adult skeleton: foot bones, tibial bones (without upper left part), pelvic bones, lower spine bones, right radial and shoulder bones. According to them, the buried person was lying in an elongated position on his back, with his head facing northeast. Between the spine and the bones of the right hand, six needle-shaped arrowheads made of bone or horn were found, under the right half of the pelvis - the lower incisor of a beaver and a stone adze, in the area of the right elbow - a stone sinker or a blank rod, under the bones of the hand, in their middle part-the rod of a fishing hook. The last two items are intentionally broken. Some of the finds, probably related to border 31, were located outside the grave: on its edge at a depth of 0.6 m - an ornamental stone iron, in a rodent hole at a depth of 0.65 m - a stone arrowhead.

Grave 32. At the bottom lay the skeleton of an adult man, buried in an elongated position on his back, with his head facing northeast. The skull was tilted slightly to the left. 15 shells were found in the burial: one on the temporal lobes of the skull, four on the right and left of the lower jaw, one below the shoulder blades, two under the right shoulder blade, and one to the left of the lower vertebrae. In the filling of the grave, fragments of two more shells were found, as well as the incisor of a mountain goat or ram and the bones of an animal no smaller than a ram.

Grave 33. At the bottom of the grave were the skeletons of four adults and one child, buried in an elongated position on their backs, with their heads facing northeast. Buried No. 1 lay along the south-eastern wall. The lower part of his ulna and radius bones overlapped with the pelvic bones, and his hands were on his thighs. The skull is crushed. Between the shin bones lay the skeleton of an infant. Two musk deer tusks were found to the left and right of the adult skull, and a necklace consisting of 16 small musk deer incisors and an upper badger tusk was found in the area of the shoulders and neck, as well as on the upper ribs (Fig. 5). Buried N 2 lay in the center of the grave and was slightly shifted to the southwest relative to the first one. His left arm was stretched out at his side, and his hand was outstretched.

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Fig. b. Musk deer tusks from pogr. 2 mog. 33.

Fig. 7. Musk deer tusks with cuts from border 2 mog. 33.

Fig. 8. Groundhog incisors from pogr. 4 mog. 33.

the right one was on the pelvis. Around the cranium and under it, ten spadefoot shell penetrations, nine whole shells, and three fragments of bivalve shells were found. In the neck area, mainly on the right, 18 small incisors of musk deer were found. Ten large curved canines of this animal (Fig. 6) were found to the left and right of the front of the skull and to the right under the occipital bone, and two more were found on both sides of the spine on the lower ribs. Five of them have well-traced cuts on the inner edge (Fig. 7). Buried N 3 lay next to the north-west. His hands were on his pelvis, and his skull was missing. The accompanying inventory is not recorded. Buried No. 4 lay along the north-western wall. His hands were on his pelvis. The skull and shoulder bones were missing. The upper part of the chest and spine was shifted to the northwest. Among the ribs, 25 groundhog incisors were found (Fig. 8). Fragments of a skull were found above the bottom of the grave (0.5 m deep), and seven shells were found next to them. Fragments of another skull were found near the south-western wall of the grave at a depth of 0.25 m. A broken abrasive was found near the same wall at a depth of 0.35 m. Most likely, these fragments of skulls belonged to skeletons N 3 and 4, which were broken during the construction of Tomb 36, which belongs to the Early Iron Age (see Figure 1).

Grave 35. At the bottom of the grave lay the skeleton of an adult man, buried in an elongated position on his back, with his feet facing south. The burial was disrupted by an adjacent grave. 34 As a result, the skull and upper vertebrae were missing, and in their place were the bones of the feet of the person buried in this grave. The upper part of the skeleton in mog. 35 looked elongated and noticeably raised up. This could have occurred when the head of the buried person was dismembered until the soft tissues rotted completely. The right arm of the deceased was bent at the elbow, her hand was on the pelvic bones; the left-stretched along the body, her radius and ulna bones lay under the left half of the pelvis. All items found during the burial were concentrated in the area of the torso. 52 whole and fragmented Corbicula shells were found on the right half of the shell (in vol.part 17 with a hole in the top of the leaf), 15 flakes and scales, three flakes with part-time work, four scrapers, three arrowheads. All these items were probably part of the costume decoration kit and were mainly located under the ribs. Some stone products were embedded in sinks. Three untreated stones were found in the area of the left half of the pelvis: on its upper part, on the inner side of the left thigh and at the lower part of the left ulna. Between the left humerus and the ribs was a stone "iron". A collection of various objects and articles was found on the outside of the left humerus: whole and fragmented bone overlays on the bow (including one made from the rib of a red deer-sized mammal), three articles made from tubular bones of a similar mammal, the left part of the lower jaw of a fox, fragments of a tubular bone of a mammal the size of a hare or fox-

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Fig. 9. Upper canine of a small fox from mog. 35.

tsu, the upper incisor of a beaver, the incisor of a wild boar, the upper tusk of a small fox (Fig. 9), two stone rods of fishing hooks.

Animal teeth in Eneolithic burials of the Tuzovsky Hills-1 burial ground and in Neolithic - Eneolithic burial complexes of Altai

As we have already noted, metal temporal rings and two jar-shaped vessels were found in one grave. It is possible that the burial ground functioned for a long time and in the course of further research it will be possible to divide this complex of burials into several chronological groups. So far, we refer all the burials to the Eneolithic era and date them to the third millennium BC.

In the burials under consideration, a large number of ornaments made from the teeth of elk, beaver, badger, fox, marmot, musk deer, mountain goat or ram are found. Such finds are so widely represented in Neolithic - Eneolithic funerary complexes of Western and Eastern Siberia that in the framework of this work, one should not even try to give all the analogs. Therefore, we will only consider ornaments made from animal teeth found in burials of the Neolithic-Eneolithic Altai [Kiryushin K. Yu., Kungurov, Stepanova, 1995; Molodin, 1999; Kiryushin K. Yu., Kungurova, Kadikov, 2000; Markin, 2000; Kungurova, 2005; Larin, 2005; Kiryushin K. Yu., Volkov, 2006].

Ornaments made of moose teeth are found only in one burial site of the Tuzovsky Hills-1 burial ground (mog. 8). Among the aborigines of Siberia, moose occupied an important place in the bestiary. For many peoples, this is the main object of hunting, but at the same time the moose is a source of life, stands on the steps of the Upper World and serves the forces of life, not darkness, death [Kosarev, 1984]. It is quite possible that this is why ornaments made of moose teeth are rarely found in burial complexes of the Neolithic and Eneolithic Altai. We know of only one such case - the Solontsy-5 ground burial ground (Kungurova, 2005).

Ornaments made from maral teeth were also found only in one burial (grave 3). Similar finds were recorded in the burial grounds of Ust-Isha, Bolshoy Mys and Solontsy-5 (Kiryushin K. Yu., Kungurova and Kadikov, 2000; Kungurova, 2005). According to researchers, the image of the deer among the peoples of Siberia is close to that of the moose (Kosarev, 1984).

Ornaments made from beaver incisors were found in three burials (graves 14, 31, 35). In the archaeological literature, it was noted that among the oldest population of Altai, the beaver played a leading role in magical practice as an assistant to the deceased person in contacts with the Lower World [Kiryushin K. Yu., Kungurova, Kadikov, 2000]. Ornaments made from beaver incisors are often found in burial complexes of the Neolithic and Eneolithic Altai. They are recorded in the materials of the monuments Bolshoy Mys, Novoaltaysk-Razvilka, Nizhnetytkeskenskaya cave-1, Solontsy-5 (Kiryushin K. Yu., Kungurov, Stepanova, 1995; Kiryushin K. Yu., Kungurova, Kadikov, 2000; Kungurova, 2005; Kiryushin K. Yu., Volkov, 2006).

Ornaments made of boar's teeth were found only in one burial (mog. 35). In addition, they are known in the burial complexes of the Ust-Isha, Bolshoy Mys and Solontsy-5 burial grounds (Kiryushin K. Yu., Kungurova and Kadikov, 2000; Kungurova, 2005). In the myths of the ancient Greeks and Baltic Slavs, the wild boar is a symbol of wild, destructive power. Among the Siberian Turks, it is associated with active masculinity and militancy [Lbova, Zhambaltarova, Konev, 2008].

Ornaments made of groundhog teeth are recorded in a collective burial (grave 33). Such finds are often found in burial complexes of the Neolithic and Eneolithic Altai. They are known from the Bolshoy Mys ground burial ground, the Saldyar-1 burial mound, and burials in the Kaminnaya and Nizhnetytkeskenskaya-1 caves (Kiryushin K. Yu., Kungurov, and Stepanova, 1995; Molodin, 1999; Markin, 2000; Kungurova, 2005; Larin, 2005).

Ornaments made from badger teeth were found in the same collective burial (fig. 33). This is quite a rare find for burial complexes of the Neolithic and Eneolithic Altai. Similar decorations were recorded only in the burials of the Novoaltaysk-Razvilka burial ground (Kiryushin K. Yu., Volkov, 2006). In the mog. 19 of the burial ground at the mouth of the Kuyum River were found articles made of animal teeth, the authors do not specify the species, but it seems that in Fig. 61, 2a there are pendants made of badger teeth (Pogozheva et al., 2006).

The fox's teeth are represented in the materials of the Tuzovsky Hillocks-1 burial ground by a single canine from grave 35.

Ornaments made from musk deer teeth are found only in a collective burial (mog. 33). Incisors and canines of adult males were found. Unlike other prev-

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Both males and females of musk deer do not have horns. One of the signs of sexual dimorphism in these animals is the presence of long tusks in the upper jaw of males (see Figure 6). Musk deer tusks are quite rare in burial complexes of Altai. In the grave of the Bolshemyss culture in Nizhnetytkeskenskaya cave-1, seven teeth of this animal were found, five of them canines (Kiryushin K. Yu., Kungurov, Stepanova, 1995). Musk deer tusks were found in border 1, 5, and 7 of the Solontsy-5 burial ground, including those with notches (in border 1, 7) (Kungurova, 2005), similar to those found in the Tuzovsky Hillocks-1 burial ground. Pendants-stripes (5 copies) from musk deer tusks were found in fence 19 (grave 2) of the Afanasyev burial ground Saldyar-1 (Larin, 2005).

Ornaments made from the teeth of a mountain goat or ram were found in three burials (graves 10, 14, 35). Similar finds in burial complexes of the Neolithic and Eneolithic Altai are unknown to us.

Such animals as elk, beaver, badger, fox, marmot are widely distributed in the Altai and currently live in the Barnaul-Biysk Ob region. Ornaments made of musk deer and mountain goat or ram teeth are more informative for reconstructing ethno-cultural processes in the Altai territory during the Eneolithic period. The fact is that these animals do not live in the Barnaul-Biysk Ob region, and according to the information available to us, they did not live in the historical past either.

Musk deer (Moshus moshiferus) inhabit steep rocky mountain slopes overgrown with coniferous forest; in the former USSR, they live mainly in the middle belt of mountain taiga at an altitude of 600-900 m, rarely up to 1600 m above sea level (Zhizn zhivotnykh, 1971, p. 452). It is widespread in the mountain taiga forests of Gorny Altai and Eastern Kazakhstan (Sobansky, 1992). There are no musk deer in Mountain Shoria due to the exceptionally deep snow cover [Ibid.].

The Siberian mountain goat (Capra sibirica) lives on steep mountain slopes, teeming with rocks and rocky scree, above the forest boundary at altitudes from 2,500 to 5,000 m above sea level. These animals go down the slopes for the winter, sometimes passing into the forest belt [Zhizn zhivotnykh, 1971, p. 530]. In the work of GG. It is indicated that in the past, the northern border of the Siberian mountain goat's range ran along the Chemal River, the southern border was located in the Mongolian Altai, and the western border was located in Rudny (Eastern Kazakhstan) [1992].

Mountain sheep (Ovis ammon) prefer gentle mountain slopes, open spaces with soft-cut terrain, plateaus, etc. On the territory of the former USSR, the range of vertical distribution of these animals is from sea level to 5,500 m [Zhizn zhivotnykh, 1971, p. 536]. Currently, this species is on the verge of extinction in the Altai Mountains; in the past, its range apparently coincided with that of the mountain goat.

Products made from the teeth of a mountain goat or ram and musk deer indicate connections with the Altai Mountains. We can assume the existence of an exchange, as a result of which items from this region penetrated the territory of the Barnaul-Biysk Ob region. It could be carried out through the mediation of the population who left the Solontsy-5 burial ground and burial in the Nizhnetytkesken cave-1. This assumption is the most probable, but not the only possible explanation for the appearance of ornaments made from the teeth of musk deer and mountain goat or ram on the territory of the Barnaul-Biysk Ob region.

In mog. 32, the shells of Corbicula ferghanensis Kurs. et al. were found together with the incisor of a mountain goat or ram. (9 specimens), Corbicula tibetensis Prash. (6 specimens) and Corbicula (two fragments) (Kiryushin et al., 2011). In the collective burial (grave 33), ornaments were found both from musk deer tusks and incisors, and from mollusk shells. Buried No. 2 had ten spadefoot shells of Dentalium, four bivalve shells of Corbicula ferghanensis Kurs. et Star, and five shells of Corbicula tibetensis Prash around and under the skull. All of them, apparently, were headdress decorations [Ibid.]. Part of this headdress could be ten large curved musk deer canines found to the left and right of the front of the skull and to the right under the occipital bone, 18 small musk deer incisors and three shell fragments found to the right of the cervical vertebrae.

In all probability, no mollusks of the genus Corbicula lived on the territory of the Altai Territory in historical times. Fossils of corbicula are not uncommon here, but they all belong to forms close to Corbicula fluminalis Mull. [Lyadzhina, 1969; Maloletko, 1969a, b]. Numerous localities of fossil corbicula of other species are known in Kazakhstan and Central Asia (Korobkov, 1954). The modern range of Corbicula ferghanensis Kurs. et al. It covers the Amu Darya and Syr Darya basins (Kantor and Sysoev, 2005). Corbicula tibetensis Prash. It is currently distributed in the mountainous regions of Central Asia, Eastern Kazakhstan, and the Syr Darya basin [Ibid.].

The most interesting finds are the shells of marine shovel-footed mollusks close to the genus Dentalium (class Scaphopoda, fam. Dentaliidae). In the Altai Territory, there are no known locations of fossil dentaliids, moreover, there are not even such deposits where they could meet. Based on this, we can say with great confidence that these shells were brought by people from another region. The closest localities of dentaliid fossils to the Altai are located in the Aral Sea region (Alekseev, 1963).

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As we have already noted, the presence of truncated-conical penetrations from Dentalium shells and suspensions from Corbicula leaves indicates connections between the Altai population and the Central Asian region, which could be carried out through contacts with carriers of the Ust-Narym and Botai cultures or be the result of migration to the Altai of the population from the regions of Central Asia or Eastern Kazakhstan [Kiryushin K. Yu. and al., 2011]. Finding the teeth of musk deer, mountain goat or sheep together with the shells of Dentalium, Corbicula ferghanensis Kurs. et Star, and Corbicula tibetensis Prash. does not contradict previously made assumptions. According to researchers, mountain goat, mountain sheep and musk deer live in the Southern Altai (areas of Bukhtarma, Narym ridge, Uymon, upper Katun river on the border of Kazakhstan and the Altai Republic), and the range of mountain goat and mountain sheep even in the XX century was much wider and included areas of the Kazakh Highlands, Tarbagatai, Alatau, etc. [Antipin, 1941; Afanasyev et al., 1953]. Therefore, we cannot exclude the possibility that the joint finding of jewelry from the shells and teeth described above indicates the connection of the population of the Barnaul-Biysk Ob region with the Central Asian region. However, it is possible that products made from the teeth of mountain goats or sheep and musk deer came to this territory from the Altai Mountains, and the shells of Dentalium, Corbicula ferghanensis Kurs. et Star, and Corbicula tibetensis Prash. - from Central Asia or East Kazakhstan.

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Afanasyev A.V., Bazhanov V. S., Korelov M. N., Sludsky A. A., Strautman E. I. Zveri Kazakhstana [Animals of Kazakhstan]. Alma-Ata: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR, 1953, 536 p.

Turina, N. N. Olenostrovskoy mogilnik (Olenostrovskoy mogilnik), Moscow: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1956, 430 p. (MIA; N 47).

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Kiryushin, Yu. F., Kiryushin, K. Yu., Schmidt, A.V., Kuzmenkin, D. V., and Abdulganeev, M. T., Mollusk shells in the burials of the Tuzovsky Bugry-1 burial ground as an indicator of ethno-cultural processes in the territory of Southern Siberia and Central Asia, in Archeologiya, etnografiya i antropologiya Evrazii. - 2011. - N2. - p. 37-45.

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Lyadzhina, K. A., Pliocene-anthropogenic complexes of mollusks of the Irtysh-Ishim interfluve and their ecological characteristics, Voprosy malakologii Sibiri: mat-ly mezhvuz. conf. June 26 - 28, 1969 / edited by B. G. Johansen. Tomsk: Publishing House of the Tomsk State University, 1969, pp. 92-94.

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The article was submitted to the Editorial Board on 14.11.11. The final version was published on 20.12.11.

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