NOSKOVA, Z. A. Candidate of Philological Sciences

In our minds, Vladimir Ivanovich Dahl is a great interpreter of words, but in the texts of his own works there are sometimes such mysterious words that even the famous "Explanatory Dictionary of the living Great Russian Language" cannot help to reveal. And it is not by chance, obviously, that they appear in Dahl's fairy tales, when the genre itself suggests the presence of something extraordinary.

V. I. Dahl's fairy tales were published in 1832 under the title " Russian fairy Tales, translated from the folk oral tradition into civil letters, adapted to everyday life and decorated with walking sayings by the Cossack Vladimir Lugansky. Pyatok the first".

In this article we will talk about the first, most famous " Tale of Ivan, a Young Sergeant, A Dashing Head, without a family, without a tribe, just without a nickname "(Dal V.I. Poly. sobr. soch. SPb. - M., 1898. T. 9). Here proverbial and proverbial material is abundantly used. At the beginning of the story, the author warns: "... and whoever is going to listen to my fairy tale, let him not get angry with Russian sayings, and not be afraid of the homegrown language, "thereby preparing the reader for a special form of presentation:" in a certain autocratic kingdom (...) Once upon a time there was a king named Dadon the Golden Purse. This king had a great number of subordinate princes (...) yes, Ivan, a young Sergeant, a Dashing Head, without a family, without a tribe, just without a nickname. It was King Dadon who loved him for his faithful service, and repeatedly granted him high ranks (...) Such a royal favor brought him under the envy of the nobles and boyars of the court ... " And Ivan planned to escape from the royal service, but at the first intersection he saw the beautiful maiden Katerina, and returned. And again he lived happily ever after, "and again the evil one began to torment with envy the truth-loving, compassionate ministers of the tsar." And they suggested that Ivan should at least earn the king's favor. To do this, as usual in fairy tales, Ivan had to complete three tasks.

On the miracles arranged by Ivan, went to see "Governor Count Chikhir, Piglet's Head, in a light nightdress, in Valentino-

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in his dressing-gown, with a parliamentary collar round his neck, and looking from his feet like a Highland Scot, he jumped out of his chamber in three aprons on a hoodie and tried to see through a suspicious tube the approaching enemy."

Researcher of Dahl's prose Yu. P. Fesenko refers the words hoodie and suspicious to reinterpretations in the spirit of folk etymology ," which additionally dialogized the text. The reader was offered riddles to solve" (Fesenko Yu. P. Prose by V. I. Dahl. Creative evolution. Lugansk, 1999). We can agree with this if we are talking about a suspicious pipe, but a hoodie instead of the expected balcony, like an avantage instead of a floor, is, in our opinion, just a replacement of a new word in the popular environment with a more well-known one (without etymology) or just a play on words, deliberate confusion.

But there are other mysteries in the passage under study for the attentive reader. What is a Valentine's robe and a parliamentarian around the neck, which researchers are silent about? Obviously, it also uses more understandable, well-known words instead of new borrowings.

Without a doubt, a Valentine's robe is a levantine robe, a levantine robe. Levantine fabric has been known since the 18th century. One of the first written records reflects an earlier form of Levantan: "Various sholkov mothers, such as Atlasov, Taft, Levantanov and others, for 526 rubles and 25 kopecks" (File of the Dictionary of the Russian Language of the XVIII century, 1788).

The name Levantine comes from the French levantine, the Italian Levante "East", which goes back to the Latin levans, the genus. n. unit ch. levantis-raising, that is, the part of the world where the sun rises.

According to researchers, the fabric became widespread in the XVIII-first half of the XIX century. In the XVIII century, fashion demanded a clear silhouette in clothing, which was created with the help of heavy dense fabrics, such as levantine. In the second half of the XIX century, the scope of application of levantine began to narrow (clothing of merchants, rich peasants, clergy), and by the end of the century it disappeared completely, which led to the cessation of fabric production (Kirsanova P.M. Costume in Russian art culture of the XVIII - first half of the XX centuries.Moscow, 1995).

The fabric was obviously popular, which was reflected in the Great Russian folk songs collected by A. I. Sobolevsky:

Bring good not a little:

Two dresses for poplin,

To salopchik levantina,

Another piece of calico,

Yes a chenille handkerchief,

From the right hand ring...

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(Great Russian folk songs. Collected by A. I. Sobolevsky: In 7 volumes St. Petersburg, 1895-1902. Vol. 4).

Levantine is found in the works of I. S. Turgenev, P. I. Melnikov-Pechersky, in memoir prose about the epoch of the XVIII-first half of the XIX centuries.

In all likelihood, in Dahl's fairy tale, a levantine (Valentine's) robe should characterize a person of a certain social status - the governor.

And finally, what is a parliamentarian around the neck ? Let's try to make an assumption, and a very cautious one at that.

What can a governor wear around his neck when he's wearing a robe but trying to look formal? Perhaps the implication is a plastron - the tightly starched chest of a shirt worn with a tailcoat or tuxedo."... In the second half of the 19th century, the name plastron changed first to a tie with very wide ends that completely cover the shirt in the waistcoat neckline, and almost simultaneously to a shirt with a tightly starched chest" (Kirsanova. Edict. op.). And one more detail: the plastron could be removable, "wearing a removable plastron for a man claiming to be perfect attire was quite risky - the plastron could begin to exist separately from both the tailcoat and its owner "(Ibid.). Maybe it was just such an "independent" plastron that Count Chikhir had on his neck? Or perhaps we are just talking about a white handkerchief, with which the parliamentarian was supposed to be (after all, the guns were firing and something had to be done)?

Riddles like Valentine's robe, I think. Dahl has prepared a lot, they are waiting for an interested, thoughtful reader.

Lugansk,

Ukraine

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