Introduction
Metal helmets were a necessary means of personal protection for warriors in the Middle Ages among many peoples of North and Central Asia. In addition to the combat purpose, they had a very important symbolic function. Richly decorated with ornaments, a sultan or a plume of feathers and horse hair, combat headdresses served as distinctive symbols that distinguished military leaders and professional warriors-heroes. Often, such helmets were made by highly skilled gunsmiths in the urban craft centers of Iran, Central Asia and East Turkestan and exported far beyond the areas of their production. They served as trade items, were presented as diplomatic gifts, and were captured as spoils of war. Such helmets were highly valued by the ruling elite in the nomadic world, so they were rarely included in the accompanying inventory in the burials of medieval nomads, even in the graves of nobles. As a result of long-term excavations of archaeological sites in different regions of Siberia and the Far East, several such finds were discovered [Khudyakov, 1980, p. 129; Medvedev, 1981, p. 176-177; Artemyeva, 1999]. The small number of defensive warheads significantly limits the possibilities of their study and reconstruction.
Several helmets were found on the territory of Western Siberia. The first was discovered in 1889 in Tomsk while digging a cellar at the foot of the Resurrection Mountain, on which the Tomsk prison was located. According to V. M. Florinsky, it belonged to a Russian soldier of the XVII century [1898, p. 532]. Another helmet was kept in the "Jester's Treasure" from the mouth of the Amelia River (later lost) (Chindina, Yakovlev, Ozheredov, 1990, p. 193). In 1938, a military headland was found near the village of Staritsa (Ozheredov, 1987, pp. 116-119). Another spheroconically shaped iron helmet, badly damaged by corrosion, was discovered in the 1960s during excavations at the Redka burial ground (Middle Ob) in the mound of one of the mounds. L. A. Chind ...
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