Introduction Discussions about the origin of the Black Sea Scythians, which have intensified in recent years among craniologists (Yablonsky, 2000; Kozintsev, 2000; Kruz, 2004), are connected with the question of the anthropological homogeneity of this group. S. G. Efimova [2000], who, like L. T. Yablonsky [2000], defends the theory of autochthonous and anthropological consolidation of the Scythians, Nevertheless, it convincingly demonstrated that the steppe Scythians differ markedly from the forest-steppe ones. In her opinion, these differences do not contradict the local origin of the Scythians and are explained by the anthropological heterogeneity of the carriers of the log culture, which S. G. Efimova and L. T. Yablonsky consider the ancestors of all Scythians, as well as microevolutionary processes that took place mainly in the steppe. According to another point of view, the differences are mainly due to the kinship relations of the steppe Scythians with the populations of the more eastern regions of Eurasia - Saks, Sauromats, early Sarmatians (Kruz, 2004) and Central Asians (Kozintsev, 2000). Heterogeneity is also found within the two main Scythian settlement zones - steppe and forest-steppe. Obviously, today it is no longer acceptable to limit ourselves to using the total Scythian craniological series. Even the attraction of two combined series - from the steppe and forest-steppe-is not enough. On the agenda is the establishment of internal and external relations of each local Scythian group separately. Work in this direction has already begun [Efimova, 2000; Kruz, 2004]. This publication was made possible due to the fact that in recent years there has been a huge new anthropological material from the Northern Black Sea region, relating to both the Scythian era and the Bronze Age. It was studied mainly by S. I. Kruz, who made an invaluable contribution to the paleoanthropology of Eastern Europe through her many years of work and kindly provided me with her unp ... Read more