Moscow: IV RAS, 2011.296 p.
At the present stage, in the context of globalization, the role of transnational corporations (TNCs) in the world economy and in the international movement of capital is undoubtedly increasing. Developing Asian countries are becoming increasingly important targets of their investment activities. These countries are also forming their own TNCs and expanding their foreign expansion. All this is shown in great detail in the peer-reviewed work of N. N. Tsvetkova.
Globalization, which began, in fact, with the era of Great Geographical Discoveries, has passed, from the point of view of many authors, several phases (with its ebbs and flows), resulting in a large-scale cross-country movement of people, labor, even more capital, technologies, ideas, goods and services. It is no exaggeration to say that it has had a huge, albeit ambiguous, impact on global development. Using a simple formula, it can be established that the contribution of exports of goods and services to global GDP growth increased from 1-3% in 1500-1800 to 10-12% in 1800-1950, then doubled to 23-25% in 1950-1980, and in the following three decades-
page 192It has almost doubled once again to 42-44%, including 36-38% in developing countries and 49-51% in developed countries1.
But you should not overstate the scale of globalization. The crisis led to the fact that the indicator under consideration in the whole world in 2008-2013 decreased by more than a quarter - to 30-32%. Only 2% of students study in foreign universities, 3% of people live in countries other than their birthplace, 7% of rice is traded in foreign markets, and less than 1% of American companies export their products (and three-fifths of them to only one country). The inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) does not exceed 1/10 of the gross investment volume in the world, less than 1/5 of venture capital is used outside the country. Approximately the same share is made up of shares that are owned by foreigners on a ...
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