MOSCOW TILE OF THE XVII CENTURY IN THE SPACE OF RUSSIA
The article discusses the ways and means of distribution of forms and technologies for making tiles. Their production developed in Moscow at the end of the XV-XVI centuries, and in the second half of the XVII century it reached a mass level and covered a significant number of cities in all regions of the Russian state. Various forms of distribution are recorded: purchase of finished products by residents of other cities; transfer of technologies (transfer of carved matrices for printing images from Moscow, training in the techniques of roasting and cooking glazes, etc.); transfer of tile makers themselves from Moscow to the province. The conclusions are based on a comparison of extensive collections of tiles in Moscow with the products of new production centers and an analysis of local products. Keywords: tile, tile decor, master, ornament, customer. Introduction Late medieval tiles from different places within the borders of all of Russia have a clear similarity. This is typical both for the early stages of development, and especially for the heyday of tile production in the second half of the XVII century. In connection with the discussion of what caused the similarity, well-known researchers of tile art N. V. Voronov and I. G. Sakharova noted:: "On this occasion, a number of bold assumptions were put forward - about the standard production of tiles, about the relocation of "tile masters" from city to city, about the inheritance of tile forms by potters-students of potters-masters and the use of these forms in subsidiary workshops located in other "localities", etc. it does not yet have sufficient justification, and the question can still be considered open" [1955, p. 78]. "Path" of tiles The study of Russian tiles (both architectural and stove tiles) of the late Middle Ages revealed some uniformity of products on a very large territory of Moscow Russia (Baranova, 2007). There was an opinion that one of the first ceramic facade products - terracotta slabs, which f ... Read more
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25.12.2024 (116 days ago)
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