1970-1980's. The Aral Sea region has entered a state of socio-ecological crisis. Ecocide-the result of the degradation of natural resources-became the forerunner of the genocide of the local population. By the early 1990s, the crisis had turned into a catastrophe. However, such a crisis is not unprecedented in the history of the Khorezm oasis. Our goal was to try to summarize the materials of mostly independent, unrelated research in the humanities and natural sciences that relate to the same subject and, as a rule, are unknown to representatives of different branches of knowledge. This task is performed in a concentrated form as a table where the processes, phenomena and events in the life of society, nature and the relationship of these two systems from antiquity to the present day are synchronized (see Appendix). This synchronization allows us to put forward a hypothesis about the socio-natural history (SE) of the Aral Sea region. Two socio-ecological crises in the ancient and medieval history of Khorezm. The social and ecological stability of the Aral Sea region was established in the middle of the 1st millennium BC after the initial anthropogenization of the surrounding landscape, as a result of the migration of the Amu Darya in the southern direction, towards the Prisarykamysh delta, and the flooding of the ancient riverbed-Uzboy1 . The shorter waterway along the Uzboy to the Caspian Sea enabled Khorezm to interact with E. V. Burnakov's naibol and its developed central and western regions of the Achaemenid empire, primarily with Media and Mesopotamia. Under King Artaxerxes II (404-359 BC), Khorezm became a separate satrapy of the Achaemenid state .2 B. I. Vainberg connects the separation of Khorezm into a separate satrapy with the appearance of the Uzboy waterway: Khorezm received a shorter route to the centers of the Achaemenid state .3 The abundance of Amu Darya water flowing due to the deviation of the river to the south made it possible for the Khorezmians ... Read more