The beginning and middle of the 70s of the XIX century went down in the history of the Russian revolutionary liberation movement as a time of mass circulation of the advanced raznochinny intelligentsia to the people. The leading idea of the Narodniks was "faith in a special way of life, in the communal system of Russian life", and hence "faith in the possibility of a peasant socialist revolution" In accordance with these theoretical ideas about the Russian peasant as a "ready-made socialist", the practical work of the Narodniks was also carried out .2 They tried to rouse the peasantry to revolution by telling the muzhik "about the European system and workers' associations, " 3 by directly propagating socialist ideas and calling for a social revolution .4 "Going to the people " was widely developed in the spring of 1874. It covered at least 37 provinces of Russia. The youth of various ranks were sent first of all to those areas that were once the centers of peasant movements - to the Volga and Don, to the Ukraine and the Urals. 5As you know, this movement did not bring the desired success. The peasantry of the 70s of the XIX century was far from political life, had tsarist sentiments and did not support the narodniks, and the government of Alexander II quickly took punitive measures. Over a thousand people were arrested, and most of them were put on trial. Some members of the movement were disappointed. The Narodniks began to review their tactics, and the question arose of concentrating the forces of the Narodniks ' movement in a single organization, and of working out a new program of action. In 1876, a secret society was formed, which adopted the name "Land and Freedom". Its founders were M. A. and O. A. Natanson, A. D. Mikhailov, A. D. Oboleshev, G. V. Plekhanov, O. V. Aptekman, D. A. Lizogub and others. In their practical work, the landowners moved from "wandering" propaganda to the organization of settled village settlements. They became village teachers, parame ... Read more