About spelling vowels About and after sibilants The designation of stressed vowels in writing is usually determined directly by pronunciation. For example, in the words house, grass, river, match, pipe, fish, the use of pronunciation allows you to accurately determine what vowels are needed here. The transfer of the stressed vowel o to the letter when it follows sibilants is in a special position, since its letter designation can be two-variant-o or . The use of these vowels is determined by special rules. Textbooks usually recommend writing at the root of a word  if the pronounced o alternates with e in related words or other forms of the same word, for example: wives - wife, female; whisper - whisper, whisper; click - crack; alkali - alkaline. Where there is no such alternation, you should also write about, for example, pulp, gooseberry, prim, seam, rustle, shorts. To choose about or after hissing suffixes, writers are asked to remember and take into account in the writing process an impressive list of suffixes of nouns, patronymic and verbal adjectives, participles, adverbs. And in the endings, it is recommended to set the choice of these vowels, taking into account what the tested words relate to - with nominal or verb word formation. All these recommendations are quite difficult to remember. Practice shows that students, first of all, confuse the rules governing the choice of vowels about and in the roots of words and in suffixes and endings. page 115 (The letter is written, for example, in the words grushovka, heartburn, knizhonka, rechonka, nozhonka, potshochek, doctor, noodles, fresh, comparing them with the words grushevy, izzhech, zhech, knizhechka, rechenka, nozhenki, potshechnik, potshechny, heal, medical, lapshevnik, freshness, fresher .) Secondly, among the available related words, the student may not find a reference word with a vowel and therefore write the letter o, for example, in the words hard, tickle, rosary, clear, clearer, kindled, cheboty, tw ... Read more