One of the directions of modern Russian Oriental studies - nomad studies-is currently undergoing significant theoretical comprehension, which is largely due to methodological research, the need to systematize the accumulated material, and debatable questions about their role and place in the world-historical process. Determining the most effective theoretical and methodological approaches to the problem of nomadism is a problem that a number of general theoretical works are devoted to solving. Their authors offer different interpretations of the historical process: stadial, civilizational, and world-system. In this regard, the problem of interpretation of nomadism in the context of world history, as well as the problem of typology of nomad societies, requires a thorough development. The works of G. E. Markov, S. A. Pletneva, A. I. Pershits, G. A. Fedorov-Davydov and others that meet the theoretical and methodological principles of the stadium approach (the theory of linear and multilinear social evolutionism) can be distinguished. Within the framework of their approach, the concept of the nomadic mode of production was created, which, on the one hand, showed the limitations of claims to universalism of theories developed only on sedentary agricultural material, and on the other, proved the evolutionary linearity of the entire socio-historical development. A special feature of this approach is the inevitable approach to the question of internal sources of self-development of nomad society, in particular to the problem of their statehood formation (S. A. Vasyutin, S. G. Klyashtorny, E. I. Kychanov, N. N. Kradin, T. D. Skrynnikova, V. V. Trepavlov, etc.). The civilizational approach became widely used in the works of Russian nomad scholars after a departure from the historical materialism that had long dominated the social sciences. These include the works of L. N. Gumilyov, A. I. Martynov, N. E. Masanov, and I. S. Urbanaeva. The first attempts to apply the civilizatio ... Read more